A domestic refrigerator is an essential home appliance used to keep food and beverages cool and fresh for longer periods. The operating principle of a refrigerator is quite simple – it transfers heat from the inside of the fridge to its external environment, thus cooling the interior. Here is an in-depth look at how domestic refrigerators work.
How Does a Refrigerator Work?
A refrigerator consists of four key components:
- Compressor
The compressor is the heart of the refrigerator and is usually located at the back bottom. It is responsible for the compression and circulation of refrigerant throughout the system. The compressor sucks in low-pressure refrigerant vapor from the evaporator and compresses it, turning it into high-pressure and high-temperature vapor. This hot vapor is then passed to the condenser.
- Condenser
The condenser is usually located at the back of the domestic refrigerator. It is a coiled tube with fins that help dissipate heat quickly. The hot vapor from the compressor enters the condenser and gets cooled by exchanging heat with external air blown by a fan. As it cools, the vapor condenses into a liquid.
- Expansion Valve
This valve is located between the condenser and the evaporator. It regulates the flow of liquid refrigerant to the evaporator and drops its pressure and temperature. The drop in pressure leads to fast evaporation of the refrigerant in the evaporator.
- Evaporator
The evaporator is placed inside the fridge compartment. The liquid refrigerant passes through the coils and absorbs heat from the fridge interior, causing it to boil and evaporate. This evaporation has a cooling effect inside the fridge. The evaporated refrigerant is then sucked back into the compressor, completing the cycle.
What Are Some Common Types of Refrigerators?
There are several options when choosing a refrigerator for your home:
- Single Door Refrigerators – These are the most basic models with a single external door and storage compartment. Suitable for individuals or small families.
- Double Door Refrigerators – Have separate external doors for fridge and freezer compartments. Allows organizing freezer-stored and fresh foods separately.
- Multi-door Refrigerators – Have multiple fridge and freezer compartments with 2-3 doors inverter refrigerator. Provide customized storage options.
Conclusion
Refrigerators work by transferring heat from the inside to the outside environment through the compression and expansion of refrigerant. This refrigerator’s working principle along with a thoughtful selection of features and capacity can help you get the perfect cooling solution for your home, especially for hot Indian summers.
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